Guru Angad (1504–1552), the second Sikh Guru, played a foundational role in Sikh history. He refined and popularised the Gurmukhi script, making it easier for common people to learn. By modifying and standardising Gurmukhi, he laid the foundation for Gurmukhi literature. He also collected the hymns of Guru Nanak and composed his own shabads. His efforts made Sikh teachings accessible to the masses and strengthened the distinct cultural and literary identity of the Sikh tradition.